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species as an elasmosaurid.[7] In 1913, Linder created a subspecies of Peloneustes, P. philarchus var. spathyrhynchus, differentiating it based on its spatulate mandibular symphysis (where the two sides of the mandible meet and fuse).[13] Tarlo considered it to be a synonym of Peloneustes philarchus in 1960,[7] and the mandibular symphysis of Peloneustes is proportionately wider in larger specimens, making this trait more likely to be due to intraspecific variation (variation within species). Crushing makes accurate measurement of these proportions difficult.[2] In 1948, palaeontologist Nestor Novozhilov named a new species of Peloneustes, P. irgisensis, based on PIN 426, a partial skeleton consisting of a large, incomplete skull, vertebrae, and a partial hind limb, with stomach contents preserved. The specimen was unearthed in the Lower Volga Basin in Russia.[18][19] In his 1960 review, Tarlo considered this species to be too different from Peloneustes philarchus to belong to Peloneustes, tentatively placing it in Pliosaurus. He speculated that Novozhilov had incorrectly thought Peloneustes to be the sole long-snouted pliosaurid, hence the initial assignment.[7] In 1964 Novozhilov erected a new genus, Strongylokrotaphus, for this species, but further studies concurred with Tarlo and reassigned the species to Pliosaurus, possibly a synonym of Pliosaurus rossicus. By then, PIN 426 had suffered from heavy pyrite damage.[19][17] photo of a skeleton of Hauffiosaurus in a slab of rock Skeleton of Hauffiosaurus, first thought to be Peloneustes, Urwelt-Museum Hauff In 1998, palaeontologist Frank Robin O'Keefe proposed that a pliosaurid specimen from the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany might represent a new species of Peloneustes. In 2001, he considered it to belong to a separate genus, naming it Hauffiosaurus zanoni.[2][20] Palaeontologists Zulma Gasparini and Manuel A. Iturralde-Vinent assigned a pliosaurid from the Upper Jurassic Jagua Formation of Cuba to Peloneustes sp. in 2006.[21] In 2009, Gasparini redescribed it as Gallardosaurus iturraldei.[22] In 2011, Ketchum and Benson considered Peloneustes to contain only one species, P. philarchus. They recognised twenty one definite specimens of Peloneustes philarchus, all from the Peterboro
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